Sustained writting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sustained writting - Essay Example The author further adds that, despite being wealthy, the gross domestic product does not rhyme with people’s wellbeing. Therefore, social innovation comes in as demand for the wellbeing programs at the workplace, which has led majority of employers to seek strategies that will aid the wellbeing programs. The article further adds that, research on employees’ wellbeing has previously focused on the quality of job, the balance of work life and employee satisfaction. In addition, those employees who are given more space in the office have low stress rat and high sense of wellbeing. Indeed, the growing productivity in the place of work in Australia can be related to employees’ wellbeing. Social Need: Employee and Business Well-Being as Organizations Demand According to Lebihan (2011, p.27), numerous research programs of organization and employees wellbeing are being launched; this can only mean that employees’ wellbeing has become a social need that needs to be attended to. Employees’ wellbeing includes satisfaction, job quality and the balance of work life, while organization’s wellbeing includes organization change, strength, and organizations dynamics. Nevertheless, for an organization to succeed there is need for a healthy and focused workforce that will drive the organization towards a competitive advantage. Importantly, employees’ quality of life should be improved so as to yield to organization’ effectiveness and allow employees increase their performance and productivity level. Studies have proved that when employees achieve job satisfaction, the level of absence reduces work related accidents, and the level of retention is high, thus productivity increases since employees are committed to work. Boezeman & Ellemers (2009, P.898) define job satisfaction as the attitude one has concerning his job; this attitude determines the employees’ output. According to Lebihan’s article, research is yet to proof that workers with high level of well-being are more productive thus resulting to a more profitable and functional organization. Social innovation in relation to employee wellbeing In this 21st century, imbalance contributes to the sustainability of business as usual, especially due to scarcity of resources and the increase in costs; hence, a change in the expectations of employees and customers is experienced. Therefore, social innovation should be directed towards social needs, for instance, organizations should find new strategies that not only contribute to the well being of employees but to organization’s productivity. Lebihan’s article, states that there is increasing demand of well being programs from employers who emphasize on proof that supports such programs. The result is leaving researchers with a task of proofing how wellbeing workers contribute to high productivity. Social innovation incorporates the developments and implementation of new ideas t hat will match the social needs. One arising need in this article is the employee and business wellbeing. However, social innovation is associated with the challenge of cost; nevertheless, it still contributes to the

Adolph Hitler’s Leadership Ethics Essay Example for Free

Adolph Hitler’s Leadership Ethics Essay About 18 months ago, the Council of the Academy of Sciences of South Africa (ASSAf) appointed a Study Panel of eminent scientists to examine and collate the most relevant and reliable evidence on the influences of nutrition on human immunity, particularly in respect of HIV infection and active tuberculosis in South Africa. The decision to focus on this topic was sparked by the prevailing debates and public uncertainty in South Africa regarding the role of nutrition and nutritional supplements such as vitamins and minerals in the management of HIV infection. The Study Panel report released a few weeks ago under the title ‘HIV/AIDS, TB and Nutrition’ observes that South Africa is currently in the throes of three distinct epidemics – malnutrition, HIV infection and TB. The prevalence of each is sufficiently high that the same communities may be affected by all three epidemics in a purely mathematical overlap, but there is also prima facie evidence from observational studies that the three epidemics are in fact often linked in a synergistic relationship in which they mutually reinforce and facilitate one another. The report provides up-to-date and in-depth epidemiological summaries of each. This editorial will however largely concern itself with nutrition and HIV infection. Why nutrition is important for the immune system The body defends itself against microbial invasion by activating its quite complex immune system, and mobilising what the report dubs the ‘flamethrowers’ or respiratory burst whose central role is the intracellular killing of pathogenic organisms by oxidation or ‘burning’. This in turn relies on the availability of energy stored in energy-yielding fuels such as carbohydrates and fats to fuel the ‘respiratory burst’. Largely for this reason, the resting energy expenditure in HIV-infected individuals is increased by at least 10% compared with noninfected persons. This critical chain of complex defensive mechanisms (involving regulatory hormones, neuropeptides, cytokines and neurotransmitters) is obviously undermined if the infected person is not kept supplied with adequate energyladen macronutrients such as carbohydrates and fats. Micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) are equally important as part of the nutritional landscape for the optimal functioning of the immune system. For example, the vitamin B complex – thiamine, riboflavin and niacin – has a critical role in the Krebs cycle via which the required energy is generated. However, oxidants are indiscriminate warriors that will attack and destroy both invader and host cells alike. For this reason, there is a need for ‘fire extinguishers’, and micronutrients fulfil the parallel and important role of serving as antioxidants whose function is to limit and contain the destructive effects of oxidants on the host cells. HIV infection and nutrition HIV infection is associated with weight loss and wasting, both of which are independent contributors to poor clinical outcome. The reasons for the weight loss and wasting are multifactorial, and include the increased resting energy expenditure, food scarcity, and decreased absorption of ingested food due to gastrointestinal disease or viral disruption of the intestinal mucosa. Although a 10% or greater loss of body weight over a year is not uncommon in HIV, there is in fact a high degree of variability in the extent of weight loss and wasting which, not infrequently, is causally associated with secondary infection. Whole-body protein turnover may be as high as 25% in untreated HIV sufferers, leading to cachexia. Also, as already mentioned, resting energy expenditure is increased by 10% in HIV-infected people. It would therefore appear to stand to reason that nutritional intervention in people with HIV infection will improve survival and/or quality of life, but hard evidence to this effect is woefully lacking. Very few randomised, placebo-controlled trials have been conducted in this regard. There is preliminary evidence, however, that specific dietary supplements such as amino acid mixtures increase body weight and reduce HIV viral load. Supplementation with medium-chain triglycerides reduces HIV-associated intestinal dysfunction and fat malabsorption. And ready-to-use therapeutic food improves nutritional status in severely malnourished children. Micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) are essential to immune function, and deficiencies may therefore act as cofactors in HIV transmission and progression. Micronutrient deficiencies are common in HIV-infected people. Multivitamin supplementation has been shown in observational studies to result in a 40 48% slower progression to AIDS and a 40 60% reduction in the risk of death after 8 years of follow-up. But here again, there is an unhappy lack of sufficiently powered randomised controlled trials to confirm these benefits. The World Health Organization, the Southern African HIV Clinicians Society and the Department of Health have all published guidelines for nutrition in HIV/AIDS that have been collated in the ASSAf report. But the report also identifies gaps in our knowledge regarding HIV and nutrition, and recommends areas and topics that ought to be prioritised for research. Daniel J Ncayiyana Editor ‘HIV/AIDS, TB and Nutrition’ – ASSAf Report SOUTH AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL – FIRST PUBLISHED JANUARY 1884 October 2007, Vol. 97, No. 10 SAMJ 893

Main Barriers Sustainable Development Developing Countries Initiatives Overcome Economics Essay

Main Barriers Sustainable Development Developing Countries Initiatives Overcome Economics Essay Any country whose standard of living is at a low level is referred to as a developing country. Development level varies from country to country thus cannot be generalized in meaning. Using numerical categorization, Countries with low and middle income have been categorized as developing by the World Bank. Dividing economies with the 2008 Gross National Income per capita (GNI), developing countries were identified by GNI per capital below $11 905. Countries having progressive economies but which have not attained a particular standard to be referred to as developed country are categorized as Newly Industrialized Country (NIC). Such countries are said to have rapid growth in their economy but have still not reached the standard of the First World, these are highly developed countries (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developed_country) Almost all countries of the third world can be categorized as developing, they including all African countries excluding South Africa, all countries in the Middle East excluding Turkey, all Asian countries excluding China, Japan, Singapore, Russia, Taiwan India, Myanmar and South Korea, some countries in Eastern Europe, Southern American countries excluding Brazil and the Caribbean excluding Jamaica and Cuba. File:World Bank income groups.svg Fig1: Countries based on World Bank income groupings for 2006 (calculated by GNI per capita, Atlas method).   Ã‚   High income   Ã‚   Upper-middle income   Ã‚   Lower-middle income   Ã‚   Low income Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_country Sustainable Development Sustainable development as defined in 1987 in a report by Brundtland is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs. (Hecht, 1999) Sustainable development as an aspiration is global; as an ongoing process, it is local. A growing number of scientists and technologists share in the aspiration and experiment with the local (Mabogunje and Kates, 2004). For sustainable development to be achieved, especially in developing countries, some stages have to be undergone; it is also necessary for essential building blocks to be implemented. The economic, social and environmental factors have to be considered in a transparent and open manner. In many developing countries, the fundamental building blocks, such as a free-market economy, transparency of government operations, public access to information, public involvement in decision making, and enforcement of environmental laws, are weak or absent. Although some developing countries are strengthening domestic policies and regulations and creating economic policy incentives for attracting environmentally sound investment, progress is slow and uneven. (Hecht,1999). Barriers Developing countries have less sustainable livelihoods today than they had 25 years ago. The issue of sustainable development involves making sure that the ongoing development does not affect future generation. Some of the following issues contribute to the low sustainability level in developing countries: Extreme Poverty Poverty is the most prominent barrier to development in developing countries. Almost all population found in these countries live in rural settlements and depend on agriculture as their main source of income. Poverty and the environment have a strong connection especially in countries with economies that depend on natural resources. For people in these countries to meet their needs, they engage in local activities such as tree cutting for fuel wood, wild life hunting (leading to extinction), extensive and excessive farming system and so on. These activities are carried out to meet the needs of today but the repercussions await the future generations. Deforestation Intense farming and deforestation in South America has left some areas with only 5% of natural vegetation. If this trend continues, there might be little or nothing left to pass to the future generations. Africa had about 650 million hectares of woodlands and forests but between 1990 and year 2000, about 53 million hectares of forest was lost (Africare speech, 2008). In respect to the global forest loss, this was about 56% in that period. Deforestation has a resultant effect on protection of soils, the land is more exposed to adverse conditions like erosion and evaporation, also quality of water is affected by deforestation. All these will invariably tell on the production and economy of countries involved. Urban Development Urban areas in developing countries are expected to be more populated majorly because of migration. However this comes with a great environmental challenge. A good number of urban dwellers either inhabit slum areas or carve a slum-niche for themselves simply because they do not have legal rights to own their properties. Slum conditions lack good, portable water, electricity and other basic amenities of life. The issue of waste disposal in slum areas is usually carelessly handled, this poses as a threat to health and safety of slum dwellers. It is not a surprise to use plastic bags as mobile toilets in some large slums like Kibera, Nairobis largest slum. Also, because of the nature of these areas, there is increase in miscreants among juveniles. This has a direct negative effect on young adults who are supposed to be leaders of tomorrow. This is where the effect of the environment on the social life of individuals comes in to play. Some shanty areas in Nigeria have in recent times produced the highest number of notorious young adults. Urbanization in developing countries results in very large population inhabiting very small area, polluted water and air, poor public transport among other things. These environmental conditions lead to low standard of living in these areas. In South America, urban population is found in settlements called squatter, Brazil having favelas while Venezuela has barrios. Caracas is known to have over 50% population living in squatters. These squatters are usually made from scrap and cardboard materials in areas that are prone to flooding or steep areas. After a while, the construction is upgraded with better materials but the settlements remain in an irregular network with small paths and streets, there is usually no plan for waste management, drainage or water supply. The Asian continent among others is not left out in urbanization issues. Bangladesh, a country in Asia has had an increase in urban poverty in recent times. In Dhaka city alone, from 1974 to 2005 slum population has jumped from 250,000 to 2,840,000 during the span of little over 3 decades (Haider, 2008). During these decades, the number of slums also increased from 500 to 4,300. While slum population has increased by more than 11 times the number of slums has increased 8.6 times during this period. The causes for the increase of slum population are certainly complex. However, the major aspect is again related to the lack of well paying jobs in urban areas. There are also cases of downward mobility in urban areas of urban dwellers themselves. Although Bangladesh has been able to reduce urban poverty to some extent, there are pockets of chronic poverty in slums that seem very hard to overcome. (Haider,2008). http://www.un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/afrec/vol18no2/2809067_slum.jpg Nairobi, Kenya: Sixty per cent of the citys people live in slum areas. Source: http://www.un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/afrec/vol18no2/182environ.htm Impact of Industrial Waste The process of obtaining non-renewable materials from natural resources has an adverse effect on the environment. A good example is Nigeria, a developing country in West Africa. The Niger Delta environment has been polluted by oil spills and flares from gas for over half a century. A target was set forth to put a stop to flaring of gas but this seems to be unachievable with the trend of events. Mine sites which are no longer in use in some parts of Africa contribute to the nuisance that the environment is becoming. In general, mineral and oil exploration contribute to water pollution (which also causes death of organisms in water), contaminated soil, e.tc. Developing countries will continue to have great challenge in attaining sustainable development if the current approach to extraction of resources is not addressed. Effect of Climate Change on Environment Africa as a continent has so many developing countries. Studies from the IPCC (Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change) show that this continent is more prone to the impact of climate change than any other part of the world. Some of the effects of climate change include less rainfall in areas already experiencing dryness like the southern and eastern parts, and increased drought in north central Africa. It is also predicted that by 2025 (Africare speech,2008), western African countries will experience scarcity of water, such countries like Ghana, Burkina Faso, Benin Republic, Mauritania, Nigeria e.t.c. While other issues are more pressing and getting better attention from African leaders (such issues as malaria, HIV AIDS, poverty, starvation e.t.c), to sustain the future generation, Africa has to be fully at alert and address the issue of climate change peculiar to its environment. In other areas, climate change may cause flooding in contrast to its effect in these countries. In South America for instance, climate change has an effect on their environment which in essence has a multiplier effect on planning for growth. La Plata River basin which is the fifth largest river in the world generates about 50% of South Americas Gross National Product (GNP) and five countries share boundaries with this river- Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. The effect of climate change in this river basin has affected the economy and as a result its population. Flow in this region has been 30% greater since 1970 than in previous time. This is in contrast to the average rainfall before 1970 and below average rainfall afterwards in sub-Saharan Africa (Africare speech, 2008). Corruption Corruption is a major barrier to sustainable development in every country that it exists. It steals from todays children the resources they will need to survive tomorrow. There is a direct link between underdevelopment and corruption. The former encourages the latter. A good scenario is the public service low income in developing countries, this stimulates trivial corruption. The level of education and enlightenment in these countries also put people in ignorance of their statutory rights, thereby giving room for corrupt individuals. Initiatives to Overcome Barriers The discussion about initiatives to overcome barriers to sustainable development in developing countries will not be justified without mentioning the millennium development goals (MDGs). The MDGs were initiated in September 2000 during the United Nations Summit. These goals are eight in number and they break down into quantifiable targets that are 21 in number, they are also measured by 60 indicators. They include the following: Extreme poverty and hunger eradication Universal primary education for all Encourage women empowerment and gender equality Reduce death rate of children Improve maternal health Fight against diseases especially malaria and HIV/AIDS Implement sustainable development Develop a global partnership for development These goals were created having developing countries in mind as the issues addressed are mostly concerned with them. However, the indicators for these goals show that they have not been effectively implemented locally and globally, they also show that the time frame given to them will not be realistic. Over the years, developing countries have recognized the importance of environmental management and sustainability and there have been initiatives peculiar to each country and situation to enhance this. Some of those initiatives include establishing Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). NGOs have gained reputation especially internationally as they are consulted on matters of planning and implementation of policies made at national and international levels. Examples of such include Global Volunteer Network, Cross-Cultural Solutions, Conserve Africa, Africa Guide, Action for Agricultural Renewal in Maharashtra (AFARM), Conservation Council for South Australia to mention a few. NGOs offer a clearer perspective and a wealth of experience in relevant areas such as human right defense, environmental protection, grassroots development, poverty alleviation, e.t.c. To thrive in their activities, these organizations should work alongside the government by participating in development, planning policies and decision making at the various levels of administration. However, since they are voluntary, availability of funds for NGOs might pose a slight challenge and they sometimes have to depend on funds from large hearted individuals. Other initiatives include creating anticorruption agencies. Since corruption impedes development at all levels of government, countries have created such agencies to check corrupt practices, examples include Office of Anti-Corruption Commission Bhutan (Asia), Independent Authority Against Corruption- Mongolia ( Asia), Anti- Corruption Commission- Bangladesh (Asia), Kenya Anti-Corruption Commission -Kenya (Africa), Independent Corrupt Practices Commission Nigeria (Africa), War Against Indiscipline and Corruption- Nigeria (Africa), Kick Against Indiscipline- Nigeria (Africa), e.t.c These are just a few as there have been numerous organizations at different levels of government that function in this regard. However, as many as these appear to be, the issue of corrupt practices still rear their head. When caught in the act and asked, culprits sometimes blame the economy and government but those are just the ones who are brought to book, top citizens who have connections in high places are usually seen as above the law. This falls back to having good leadership in developing countries as well as citizens having the right attitude, without these, corruption will still find its way in these countries and the efforts of these organizations will not be justified. For every country, the children are the future leaders; good education for them is a very important factor for development. Some efforts have been made by countries and their governments to develop the minds of youngsters educationally, there have been schemes to sponsor students abroad to acquire various skills and knowledge so as to implement and integrate these skills once back home. Recently, the Federal Government of Nigeria awarded 1,087 undergraduate and postgraduate Nigerian students scholarship to study locally. There have also been organizations (PTF-Petroleum Trust Fund) that sponsor student abroad for studies from Nigeria. Other scholarship boards in other countries include Integrated Community Development Fund (ICDF) in Bolivia, Banque Libano Francaise in Lebanon and a host of others in other countries. This initiative has a very slow but steady growth in various developing countries. Other countries simply affiliate themselves with foreign government and bodies to get n ecessary support. Conclusion Since each developing country has its own government and ruling council, initiatives for achieving sustainable development in these countries differ, this is also because apart from the challenges listed above, some countries have challenges that are peculiar in nature to their environment, society and economy. In this regard, these countries tend to lean towards initiatives which particularly address their peculiar problems. Coming up with initiatives is one thing, implementing those initiative is another. In my belief, the latter is more important than the former. To achieve sustainable development, developing countries must make conscious efforts to implement the existing initiatives while looking to create new ones. Lastly, achieving sustainable development in developing countries takes a gradual (not magical) process; levels of achievements can only be measured with indicators periodically. It is up to every individual to contribute in little ways to achieve a nation and global sustainable environment for the future generation.

Candide Essay -- essays research papers

Candide is the illegitimate nephew of a German baron. He grows up in the baron’s castle under the tutelage of the scholar Pangloss, who teaches him that this world is â€Å"the best of all possible worlds.† Candide falls in love with the baron’s young daughter, Cunà ©gonde. The baron catches the two kissing and expels Candide from his home. On his own for the first time, Candide is soon conscripted into the army of the Bulgars. He wanders away from camp for a brief walk, and is brutally flogged as a deserter. After witnessing a horrific battle, he manages to escape and travels to Holland. In Holland, a kindly Anabaptist named Jacques takes Candide in. Candide runs into a deformed beggar and discovers that it is Pangloss. Pangloss explains that he has contracted syphilis and that Cunà ©gonde and her family have all been brutally murdered by the Bulgar army. Nonetheless, he maintains his optimistic outlook. Jacques takes Pangloss in as well. The three travel to Lisbon together, but before they arrive their ship runs into a storm and Jacques is drowned. Candide and Pangloss arrive in Lisbon to find it destroyed by an earthquake and under the control of the Inquisition. Pangloss is soon hanged as a heretic, and Candide is flogged for listening with approval to Pangloss’s philosophy. After his beating, an old woman dresses Candide’s wounds and then, to his astonishment, takes him to Cunà ©gonde. Cunà ©gonde explains that though the Bulgars killed the rest of her family, she was merely raped and then captured by a captain, who sold her to a Jew named Don Is aachar. At present, she is a sex slave jointly owned by Don Isaachar and the Grand Inquisitor of Lisbon. Each of Cunà ©gonde’s two owners arrive in turn as she and Candide are talking, and Candide kills them both. Terrified, Candide, the old woman, and Cunà ©gonde flee and board a ship bound for South America. During their journey, the old woman relates her own story. She was born the Pope’s daughter but has suffered a litany of misfortunes that include rape, enslavement, and cannibalism. Candide and Cunà ©gonde plan to marry, but as soon as they arrive in Buenos Aires, the governor, Don Fernando, proposes to Cunà ©gonde. Thinking of her own financial welfare, she accepts. Authorities looking for the murderer of the Grand Inquisitor arrive from Portugal in pursuit of Candide. Along with a newly acquired valet named Cacambo, Candid... ...to the latter category, because they will admit no exceptions. Like Pangloss, Martin abides by ideas that discourage any active efforts to change the world for the better. If, as Martin asserts, â€Å"man [is] bound to live either in convulsions of misery or in the lethargy of boredom,† why should anyone try to rescue anyone else from â€Å"convulsions of misery†? Cacambo Cacambo sheds a subtle and interesting light on the philosophical themes of the novel. Unlike any other character in the novel, he inspires perfect confidence, both in his intelligence and his moral uprightness. He knows both native American and European languages, and deals capably with both the Jesuits and the Biglugs. He suffers fewer gross misfortunes than any other character, less out of luck than because of his sharp wits, and he lives up to Candide’s trust when Candide sends him to fetch Cunà ©gonde. Any reader tempted to conclude that Voltaire has no faith in human nature must reconsider when faced with the example of Cacambo. Despite the optimism Cacambo inspires, however, he is no optimist himself. His wide experience of the world has led Cacambo to conclude that â€Å"the law of nature teaches us to kill our neighbor.†

French Revolution and Napoleonic Era Worksheet Essay

The French Revolution was a quest for liberty, and centered on people who wanted their freedom. They wanted to be treated as equal participants in the community, not as slaves for the royals or nobles. The peasants who represents more than 90% of France’s population, were working for their own families and everyone else as they paid much more in taxes. Brotherhood was the way of everyone coming together as one. Hubris is excessive pride in one’s self, people during the French Revolution did not want to admit they were wrong for what they were doing and that they did not want less entitlement then they had. Fiscal irresponsibility was brought on by the higher debts, and taxes were raised so the government could get out of the finical hole they were in. The democracy was a new construction of power where the politics were giving everyone the chance to be heard and to be equal. Technology at the beginning of the French Revolution was lacking, but as it continued throughout the years it became a resource at war. Liberty was the main goal for the French people, to be free from the poor work conditions they were in. The work environments for the peasants were horrible and needed to be changed. They were working to feed their families and the landlords. The landlords were taking all of their harvest and leaving them with nothing. The French government was not paying taxes and the lower class was paying twice as much to cover the royal community. They worked like slaves to barely get by and children were abused and be used to do more for less pay. Today we have freedom of speech, which is something that has not always been around. They were not able to stand up for themselves and they were discouraged from even thinking they were all born equal. Brotherhood was not only sticking by each other in your community but brotherhood within the church system. Christian brotherhood was part of the fraternity, one was identified by the social and religious links based on their Christian brotherhood. The second sense of the fraternity was if one were to follow the path of liberty and equality as a free pact. Brotherhood was a way of life for people during the revolution it was how they were able to find a moment of peace in all the bad around them. To act toward someone with the spirit of brotherhood is to accept them as they are, and treat them as you would want to be treated. Even if the government was not doing this, the peasants and the lower class people knew that to survive they needed each other. One person alone would die, but with people to help them along their struggle they will survive. Hubris was a big conflict in the French Revolution, between humility and the intoxication of power napoleon was his hands full of dangerous hubris. This is a natural human trait that can be negative if an individual was unstable at balancing humility and power while using his leadership skills for the good of others. Hubris in history were mostly a negative, significant opportunities that fell short and completely collapsed. The consequence for hubris to occur, is when a leader gains the flaw of hubris, so the decisions and behaviors are altered perfectly when the power starts to rise within. There were many military failures that resulted from the fatal flaw of hubris, just like in the Christian religion, Eve falls prey to the temptation to take the forbidden fruit offered by the seducer. Napoleon did things without thinking of the consequences, and only wanted to make himself  happy. Napoleon had a self-centered gratification at the expense of others, as long as he was at the top . One of the primary reasons the French Revolution began was because of the fiscal irresponsibility of the monarchy. The Clergy men paid no taxes and neither did the Nobles, as soon as they were given the name titles they were exempt from paying these for life. Since France was helping America, and still in debt from the previous war, France was in debt. The harvests were bad because of the poor weather conditions, and people began to starve. Since there was a shortage of money and food, people had to work for less and pay more. In order to make back some money, they confiscated all the church properties, to sell to the public to make extra money. Since the King was giving out money, the stock trade went up, there was relief and difficulties seemed to vanish into thin air. But, since it was money the more they printed, the lower the value of each of piece was. People blamed the rich fro saving their gold and silver, factories closed, and unemployment was on the rise. They prosecuted people who were hoarding and being greedy, they said that paper money was as good as gold. The government was the greedy one, the working class works hard for their money and they will keep it, where the rich will buy tangibles. Democracy was on the rise during the French Revolution, all centered around one thing, the rights of man. One side fought for the revolutionary new idea of democracy, and the other side was loyalist who were opposed to social reform and thought it would put the ancient British constitution into danger. The loyalist wanted their traditional values to be cherished like the church, social order, and the monarchy. The radicals believed in natural right, which everyone (not all women at the time) had the right to take part in politics, no matter what social class they belonged to. The loyalist thought that if everyone had rights and could vote on who they wanted that is would be dangerous. They did not want the poor being able to have an opinion, because there were many more poor than there were rich. The thought of being out voted and outnumbered at every election was scar some. Radicals were not afraid to say what they wanted, and they were ready to fight for those rights. Lastly, technology was being developed though out this entire revolution making things more and more complicated. While children and families sweated in mills working there was machines that were able to in and do the same job years later. The inventions of machines and hand tools, along with the use of steam and power. That all lead to the start of factories. Although all of these changes came on gradually, it happened fast for the people who had to use these new machines. The ability to weave cloth, and make yard would have taken much more time than it took with the new machines. Technology changed everything, for better or for worse. Better for the way things are made in mass, worse for the people who lose their jobs by being replaced by it. In conclusion, the French Revolution changed many things, we got a new government, technology, money, and rights as humans. Brotherhood is what kept people together when conditions got bad, even when the church properties were sold people kept their faith. Everyone played a role in this movement whether they knew it or not. The bottom will always find a way to fight and be heard where wealthy are only wealthy until they become too greedy. 2. Napoleonic Timeline For each date and location, identify the significant event that occurred and write a single-sentence description of the event. August 15, 1769 Napoleon Bonaparte was born on this day, in Ajaccio, Caosica Ajaccio, Corsica July 4, 1776 The Continental congress adopted the declaration of Independence. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania July 14, 1789 A Paris mob stormed into the Bastille Prison to show the Bourbon Monarchy,  this began the French Revolution. Paris September 21, 1792 The monarchy was abolished and France declared Republic France January 21,1793 King Louis XVI was executed on the guillotine for treason Paris August 22, 1795 the new French constitution was adopted, thus forming the Directory or Constitution of the Year III France November 15–17, 1796 A three day battle, Napoleon grabbed the flag and lead the assault across the Arcola Bridge and won Arcole, Italy 1798 Napoleon invaded and captured these countries during the Mediterranean Campaign of 1798 Malta, Egypt, and Syria November 9, 1799 Napoleon seized power and made a new regime called the Consulate, and the he was a dictator France February 9, 1801 the Treaty of Luneville was singed between the French Republic and the Holy Roman Emperor France II Lunà ©ville, France 1801 [The Concordat of 1801, July 15, 1801 Napoleon, papal, and the clerical representatives in both Rome and Paris. The Concordat was ending the breach caused by the church and confiscations Rome and Paris March 25, 1802 the Treaty of Amiens was a peace treaty signed by the French First Republic Great Britain, Spain and Netherlands. Made to put an end to the Second Coalition War, but lasted a year Amiens, France August 2, 1802 Napoleon was named consul for life, and was able to choose this own successor. France December 2, 1804 Napoleon crowned himself the emperor of France in the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. Paris October 21,1805 27 Royal Navy ships defeated 33 of Napoleon’s ships, he had not planned on fighting and lost 22 of his ships. Atlantic Ocean, near Cà ¡diz, Spain, and the Straits of Gibraltar December 26, 1805 A peace treaty between France and Austria, after Napoleon won the Battle of Austerlitz. Bratislava (Pressburg) June–November 1812 The Patriotic War, between Russia and French Army, Napoleon had a huge lose to Russia. This lead to more countries fighting back against Napoleon. Russia October 16–19, 1813 Battle of Leipzig, Russia, Prussia, Austria and Sweden all against the French Army. The largest battle before WWI. Napoleon wsa defeated, and was exiled to Elba that next spring. Leipzig, Germany April 11, 1814 Napoleon was banished from France and sent to the Mediterranean island of Elba. Paris March 20, 1815 Napoleon escaped the island and returned to Paris, regained followers and reclaimed this title as the emperor. France June 15, 1815 Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo, this was the end of the French domination in Europe. Waterloo, Belgium May 5, 1821 Napoleon died from possible stomach cancer, even though some think he was poisoned. Saint Helena, South Atlantic

Learning to read by Malcolm answers

When Malcolm faced the frustration of not being able to express what he wanted in letters especially those to Mr.. Elijah Muhammad. He begun his studies in the prison were Bimbo his fellow prisoner would lead in conversations because of his knowledge and vast vocabulary. Since Malcolm couldn't understand the meanings of the words when he was reading the books he learned that he has to study them from a dictionary and also he wanted to improve his penmanship.When he realized that studying using a dictionary was a very powerful tool he got motivate to further use teeth of copying in writing the content of the dictionary along with memorizing the new words. As a result he was able to read and understand any book. 2. He started his education from the teachings of Mr.. Muhammad about the history that was â€Å"whitened† and had no place for black man. Since then Malcolm was eager to learn more about the history of a black man. He learned that collective white man brought nothing bu t disadvantages to Black people and people of color in general. Mr..Nonhuman teaching taught him that all races came from Negroes and Whites are just â€Å"bleached ‘ Blacks so Blacks are actually a superior nation. The knowledge and a believe in this knowledge has both freed and empowered him. He became independent by the ability to gather and process the information and to apply that knowledge for the good of Black people. The reading changed the direction of what he wanted to do In life and made him â€Å"mentally alive. † 3. If public schools find the way to motivate students and make them crave the Information the students will study the subjects that they are Interested In with effortless ease.On my opinion introducing students to the purpose of learning a certain topic will set up their mind to want to find out more Information about It and understand It In order to use this information In life. 4. 1 think the he Is taking one sided uncompressed position about W hites. He Is generalizing the Idea about a broad topic and I don't think that the general opinion should be considered as the truth. He Is holding an aggressive position of â€Å"battling the white man† which Is as bad as the White man behavior towards Blacks.I can see his motives for Internal hostility of racial Injustice but I don't hint that acting from this position would solve that problem. It Is Just create more anger and can lead to the contention between people. I know that a lot of white people are ashamed of their race because of the history of cruel acts towards Blacks. Learning to read by Malcolm answers By extendibility's he wanted to do in life and made him â€Å"mentally alive. † 3. If public schools find the way to motivate students and make them crave the information the students will study the subjects that they are interested in with effortless ease.On my opinion o want to find out more information about it and understand it in order to use this info rmation in life. 4. 1 think the he is taking one sided uncompressed position about Whites. He is generalizing the idea about a broad topic and I don't think that the general opinion should be considered as the truth. He is holding an aggressive position of â€Å"battling the white man† which is as bad as the White man behavior towards Blacks. I can see his motives for internal hostility of racial injustice but I don't think that acting from this position would solve that problem. It is Just create more