Narrative Perspectives in Robert Brownings My Last Duchess and Edgar Allan Poes The Cask of Amontillado

Account Perspectives in Robert Brownings My Last Duchess and Edgar Allan Poes The Cask of Amontillado One reason why the story The Cask of Amontillado (Edgar Allan Poe) and the sonnet My Last Duchess (Robert Browning) are by and large regularly alluded to, as with the end goal that speak to an especially high worth, is that the account point of view picked by the writers to feature the desultory importance of the contained subjects and themes, adds to the perceptual believability of the concerned storylines.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Narrative Perspectives in Robert Browning’s My Last Duchess and Edgar Allan Poe’s The Cask of Amontillado explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More In its turn, this can be clarified by the way that, while reflecting upon the theme of homicide, Poe and Browning prevailing with regards to persuading perusers that it was explicitly the extremely mental constitution of the two heroes (Alfonso Ferrara and Montresor), which normally foreordained their conduct perniciousness. In my paper, I will investigate th e legitimacy of this recommendation finally. Subsequent to having been acquainted with the characters of Montresor (The Cask of Amontillado) and Alfonso Ferrara (My Last Duchess), we unavoidably infer that they appear to collaborate with the encompassing reality comparably. One reason for this is these characters’ principal mental attribute has all the earmarks of being their conventional mindedness. This is actually the motivation behind why Montresor chooses to render a retribution on the character of Fortunato, whose very appearance assumes his mental contradiction with the thought of convention: â€Å"He had on a tightfitting parti-striped dress, and his head was overcomed by the funnel shaped top and bells† (Poe 3). Obviously, Fortunato was dressed as a jokester. However, as students of history are by and large very much aware of, buffoons have consistently been known for their notoriety of ‘violators of tradition’. In this way, the Mortresor’s profound situated scorn of his ‘friend’ Fortunato can be all around talked about as far as ‘intellectual advancement’ versus ‘tradition. It is explicitly the way that the story’s hero unwittingly saw Fortunato, as being considerably more mentally prevalent then himself, that incited Montresor to get fixated on the idea of vengeance. Basically a similar proposal applies to the character of Alfonso in My Last Duchess. Being the customarily disapproved ‘man of stature’, Alfonso accepted that in their associations with spouses, wives must remain altogether submissive.Advertising Looking for article on writing dialects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is actually the motivation behind why, while continuing with his monolog, Alfonso communicates its badly covered disturbance with his wife’s coquettishness: She had a heart in what manner will I say? too early made ha ppy, Too effortlessly dazzled; she preferred whateer She looked on, and her looks went all over (Browning 22-34). Clearly, Alfonso couldn't stand an idea that, being made of fragile living creature and blood; it was completely normal for his better half to feel coy on occasion. In this manner, it tends to be all around expected that it is explicitly the hypertrophied feeling of a ‘traditional propriety’, which characterized the substance of Montresor and Alfonso’s existential modes. In its turn, this made a target precondition for them to be people who strived to modify the accepted reality around them to be steady with the ideological arrangements of their ‘overvalued idea’. Thusly, this was causing Montresor and Alfonso to receive a functioning position, while preventing the authenticity from claiming that one’s life speaks to the best estimation of all. In this way, there is nothing absolutely astounding about the way that, while explaining upon their unholy deeds, the two characters would do it in a firmly skeptical manner.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Narrative Perspectives in Robert Browning’s My Last Duchess and Edgar Allan Poe’s The Cask of Amontillado explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is actually the motivation behind why the Montresor and Alfonso’s utilization of incongruity/mockery exudes the soul of Freudian ‘uncanny’ †while sounding unexpected, the two characters uncover that, despite the fact that showing up as people outwardly, they are in certainty murderous beasts within. For instance, there is a vital scene in The Cask of Amontillado, where Montresor attempts to talk Fortunato out of his choice to move down the basement, looking for Amontillado: â€Å"We will return; your wellbeing is valuable. You are rich, regarded, appreciated, darling; you are cheerful, as once I seemed to be. You are a man to be missed† ( 6). What is particularly chilling about the previously mentioned wry proclamation, with respect to Montresor, is that; while giving off an impression of being simply worried about the protagonist’s wish not to permit his ‘friend’ to turn out to be sick, it really mirrors the sheer proportion of the primary character’s responsibility to render a retribution on Fortunato. Obviously, it was not just that Montresor needed to ‘savor’ the moving toward end of Fortunato, however he additionally strived to ensure that his ‘friend’ doesn't rethink its choice to wander down the basement (the utilization of the alleged ‘reverse psychology’ strategy). Browning’s organization of the logical gadget of mockery/incongruity in the sonnet additionally effectively enlightens perusers about the way that, regardless of being a socially conspicuous individual, it was in Alfonso’s very nature to treat individuals as far as a h eartless item. For instance, despite the fact that Alfonso doesn't expressly express that he killed his significant other, the accompanying extract leaves no questions this was the genuine case: Oh, sir, she grinned, no uncertainty, Wheneer I passed her; yet who passed withoutAdvertising Searching for paper on writing dialects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Much a similar grin? This developed; I provided orders; Then all grins halted together. There she remains As if alive (43-47). Alfonso could have all around confessed to executing his better half in plainer terms. This, in any case, would have denied his character of a perceptual validity, as a deceptive moralist, prepared to do all the while elucidating the subject of goodness, from one viewpoint, and going about as an altogether shameless insane person, on the other. In any case, it is improper to propose that the particulars of both scholarly works’ story points of view are exclusively worried about the Browning and Poe’s aim to uncover the psychological insufficiency of Alfonso and Montresor, yet additionally with their craving to give perusers a primer piece of information, regarding what ought to be viewed as this inadequateness’s real root. The legitimacy of this proposal can be appeared concerning another significant scene in The Cask of Amontillado. In t his scene, in the wake of having fastened Fortunato to the divider, and in the wake of having tuned in to his shouts for some time, Motresor starts to shout consequently: â€Å"A progression of noisy and deafening shouts, blasting out of nowhere from the throat of the binded structure, appeared to push me viciously back†¦ I reprimanded the divider. I answered to the shouts of him who clamored. I reechoed I helped I outperformed them in volume and in strength† (9). Obviously, Poe was very much aware of the way that strict people, firmly subsidiary with ‘traditional values’, are mentally disposed towards inferring an enthusiastic delight out of enjoying the power of a specific feeling †whether or not this feeling happened to be certain or contrary. This is the motivation behind why in Latin American nations, a great many individuals solicitation to be executed, over the span of Catholic strict festivals †by doing it, they infer a joy out of appreciat ing their own impression of agony. While presented to the scene, the hordes of onlookers enjoy the physical agony of these strict enthusiasts with basically a similar level of force (Butler 274). Along these lines, by shouting much stronger than Fortunato, Monresor cruelly appreciated the agony of his ‘friend’. All things considered, it doesn't speak to a very remarkable mystery to clinicians that perversion and masochism normally go connected at the hip, with the idea of masochism being only indirectly sounding equivalent word to the thought of a monotheistic strictness. This clarifies why, before setting the last stone in the immurement-divider, Montreser shouted: â€Å"For the affection for God!† (10) †subsequent to having encountered a savage/semi-strict happiness, while presented to Fortunato’s torment, Montresor had the option to persuade himself that what he had done was in reality genuine. The specifics of the sent account point of view in My Last Duchess, likewise seem to serve the capacity of furnishing perusers with an inside and out knowledge into the genuine reasons for Alfonso’s conduct variation from the norm. The authenticity of this proposal can be investigated comparable to the way, in which Browning’s sonnet closes: At beginning, is my article. Nay, well go Together down, Sir! Notice Neptune, however, Taming an ocean horse, thought an irregularity, Which Claus of Innsbruck cast in bronze for me (53-57). What this announcement suggests, is that over an incredible span, Alfonso never stopped encountering the intense absence of an enthusiastic compassion towards the individuals, with which he used to mingle. The purpose behind this is evident †in Alfonso’s mind, there is no subjective distinction between the work of art of his previous spouse, on the one ha

8 Fun SAT Test Facts to Give You a Break from Studying

8 Fun SAT Test Facts to Give You a Break from Studying SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Sadly, reading for the SAT isn’t much fun. There’s actually no real way to make understanding sections or analyzing math issues too engaging - and trust me, I’ve attempted. In any case, if you’re searching for a fast break from considering, look at these 8 irregular SAT test realities. You may even get the hang of something supportive! Certainty #1: SAT doesn’t really represent anything SAT initially represented Scholastic Aptitude Test. In any case, after the possibility that the SAT tried aptitudebecame excessively questionable, the namewas changed to the Scholastic Assessment Test. Obviously, evaluation and test are astoundingly repetitive, so in 1997 the College Board got tired of the entire namingfiascoand concluded that the SAT was presently simply the name of the test, not a shortened form of something different. Reality #2: The College Board once canceledthe test for a whole nation The College Board takes cheating veryseriously. In 2013, ETS, which controls the SAT, discovered that mentoring organizations in South Korea had schemed to get the test ahead of time, so theycanceledthe May test date completely. Also, when a gathering of Long Island teenagers were discovered paying understudies to step through the examination for them they confronted cruel outcomes: criminal accusations. Seoul, South Korea, where some unfortunate understudies had their SAT dropped. Actuality #3: There's a play about SAT mentoring Jenny Lyn Bader’s play None of the Above is about the connection between a difficulty makingteenager and her SAT mentor. I presume the play issomewhat more sensational than the real world, soif you have inquiries regarding coaching I'd recommendtaking a gander at our guide. Actuality #4: The scale on the first College Board test wasbrutal The College Board really originates before the SAT. It was established in 1901 to administercollege explicit tests, which were gradedas Excellent, Good, Doubtful, Poor, or Very Poor. That framework may have beenless confounding than the current scale,but it likewise sounds kind ofharsh! Certainty #5: Someone composed a SAT vocabnovel about vampires There’s a whole sort of books explicitly intended to assist you with learning vocab words for the SAT, and they sound totally bizarre.Test of Time explores what might occur if Mark Twain's composition forHuckleberry Finn was traded with a cutting edge understudy's laptop.Vampire Dreams is basicallyTwilight without the entire sparkling in the sun thing. The audits from understudies aren't benevolent, so I would prescribe adhering to regularnovels with significant level vocab words. You're most likely happier just readingDracula.(Len Doc Radin/Flickr) Actuality #6: Stanley H. Kaplan began the primary SAT test prep organization in 1938 At the point when he startedtutoring school destined understudies in his storm cellar in Brooklyn, Kaplancharged $128 per understudy. Regardless of impressive interest, he didn'texpand outside of New York until the 1970s. Certainty #7: The SAT began asa military IQ test Before it was utilized for school confirmations, an early form of the SAT wasused by the military to screen initiates during World War I. The main SAT, which was given in 1926, wasalso a whole lot more troublesome than today’s form. Itincludedsections in which the test takerhad to make an interpretation of sentences into a made-up language, judge whetherpropositions were consummately logical,and complete bewildering analogies. I don’t think about you, yet I can’t get a handle on these analogies. Truth #8:George W. Hedge utilized the SAT as a feature of his presidential battle No, he didn't touthis own scores-those weren't especially amazing. Rather, he gloated about the 100 point increment in Texas students’ SAT scores during his term as senator. Sadly, that expansion had nothing to do with upgrades in training: it was really brought about by the College Board rescaling the test in 1995. What's Next? In case you're experiencing difficulty propelling, have a go at finding out about how a higher SAT score can assist you with getting into the school you had always wanted. Is it accurate to say that you are attempting to improve or have really observed your scores go down? Attempt these systems to turn it around. For huge amounts of other free SAT prep assets, investigate the correct sidebar to discover our posts arranged by subject. Frustrated with your scores? Need to improve your SAT score by 160points?We've composed a guide about the main 5 procedures you should use to have a taken shots at improving your score. Download it with the expectation of complimentary at this point: Have companions who additionally need assistance with test prep? Offer this article! Tweet Alex Heimbach About the Author Alex is an accomplished mentor and author. In the course of recent years, she has worked with right around a hundred understudies and expounded on mainstream society for a wide scope of distributions. She graduated with distinction from University of Chicago, accepting a BA in English and Anthropology, and afterward proceeded to procure a MA at NYU in Cultural Reporting and Criticism. In secondary school, she was a National Merit Scholar, took 12 AP tests and scored 99 percentile scores on the SAT and ACT. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on the best way to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Essay Samples About How We Are Shaped By Environment And Family

Essay Samples About How We Are Shaped By Environment And FamilyA range of essay samples about how we are shaped by environment and family, says that the habits which develop from our parents' and grandparents' influence is an important aspect of how we are shaped. These essays about how we are shaped by environment and family tend to identify a situation that is a background to how we function as adults, and also to the family member's ability to adapt to a given situation in a rather unique way.The essays about how we are shaped by environment and family will find no difficulty identifying a situation, a pattern, a pattern of behaviour which works for the family of origin alone. However, the fact that this pattern is seen to be something special and different to all others does not mean that it is an example of good parenting, or anything else for that matter. We can call this the 'orphan' syndrome.This 'orphan' syndrome means that people have found a way to grow in every part of th e entire world and yet they remain isolated. This in turn leads to a state of deep depression, isolation and despair.Sometimes, essay samples about how we are shaped by environment and family tend to say that we learn and adapt by association, by default. In other words, we never change at all; we are all the same, we only learn to adapt. The essay samples about how we are shaped by environment and family says that these patterns exist even if we do not see them, are always hidden beneath the surface of our thoughts, but when we look up at the reality, the reality looks different from the patterns of thinking.People who do not like to share with others tend to suffer in a different state of affairs than those who have a choice. The world of imagination takes us into a different state of existence, where we donot know how things are supposed to work out, where the unknown is a stranger. These essay samples about how we are shaped by environment and family is one where we learn that r eality is a strange world.You might write down your problems in a blank piece of paper and that too in a way which makes it appear like you have been writing down these problems for years. You then draw a blank picture of a blank sheet of paper and you write a sentence in which you attempt to compare it to a picture of a second blank sheet of paper. When you are done, you write on the paper 'There I was many years ago - long ago' and then draw another blank page and write something similar, this time saying 'Here I am now and where I will be tomorrow'.Writing out these sentences in this manner may seem to make you feel that you have been writing for days. You might be doing it because you want to convince yourself that you are already past the stage of mental development which would have put you in the same condition as the older person who wrote out these sentences.For many people who write out essays about how we are shaped by environment and family, the matter is simple, but for some people it is complicated, the fact is that in all situations writing is something that one writes out in one way or another. It is a given fact that the writing a letter or the writing of an essay does not come naturally to everyone, but if it does then that person will continue to write a paper about how we are shaped by environment and family for many years to come.

Supernatural Element in a Midsummer Nights Dream

Q. What is the role of the Supernatural in A Midsummer Night’s Dream? Ans: The supernatural has a great importance in the play A Midsummer Night’s Dream by Shakespeare. Shakespeare’s fairies are largely derived from Warwickshire folk-lore and superstition, though Shakespeare might have also got some hints for them from a number of literary sources. They constitute the chief charm and attraction of the play, and critics after critics have vexed eloquent in praise of them. The fairies are the unusual characters in the play, forming one of the subplots. The role of the fairies: We might think that a grown writer like Shakespeare must have been slightly mad to write a play with fairies in it for adult audience. But then in his time†¦show more content†¦His special gifts are that he can fly around earth at great speed and he can execute mischief. And it is for these that he is summoned by Oberon to help him steal the Indian boy from Titania and in the process make a mockery of her for withdrawing her attention and favour from him. Puck’s name is of special interest. For one thing, it sets him apart from Oberon and Titania who have classical names. He is sometimes called by other names, particularly Robin Goodfellow. Robin Goodfellow is an English folk character who is genuinely good fellow. He helps hard worked housewives compete their tasks, he helps butter set and so on But he is also, without warning and for no reason that human being can understand, maliciously mischievous. For example, when an old woman prepare s to settle down on a stool, he pushes the stool away so that she falls down and hurts her rear end. He can also make milk turn sour and prevent the butter from setting, He is not instructed by the devil or some evil spirit but these nasty things for his own amusement. Shakespeare used both good and the bad aspects of the Robin Goodfellow folk tales in his dramatization of Puck. We can see this in the havoc creates among the young Athenian aristocrats with the love potion. When Oberon tells Puck he put the love juice in the eyes of Demetrius so that he may fall in love with the unhappy Helena, Puck makes a genuine mistake and pours the juice intoShow MoreRelatedManipulating The Supernatural : William Shakespeare s Othello And A Midsummer Night s Dream883 Words   |  4 PagesManipulating the Supernatural It is human nature to be drawn toward people that we can relate to. Because of this Shakespeare made his characters as relatable as possible to the audience members of the late fifteenth and early sixteenth century and their views on life so he could generate more recognition for his plays. Throughout Shakespeare s plays, Othello and A Midsummer Night’s Dream, he appeals to the audience by relating to their human nature. One of the major observations of human natureRead MoreRole of Supernatural in Shakespeares a Midsummer Nights Dream1547 Words   |  7 PagesWitches Brew and Fairy Dreams: A Genre Study of Shakespeares Use of the Supernatural (Penn State University, English 444.2: Spring 1998) by Fred Coppersmith Near the end of the opening scene of Macbeth, Shakespeares three Weird Sisters proclaim in unison that fair is foul, and foul is fair, providing us, as readers, with perhaps the best understanding of the plays theme and the tragic downfall of its central character. That this revelation -- this pronouncement that all is not well in ScotlandRead MoreThe Anatomy Of Criticism By Northrop Frye991 Words   |  4 Pagesof structural elements of literature that give meaning, both in a fixed and relational manner. In particular, he voices, â€Å"Shakespeare s type of romantic comedy follows a tradition established by Peele and developed by Greene and Lyly†¦ We may call it the drama of the green world, its plot being assimilated to the ritual theme of the triumph of life and love over the waste land† (Frye). This structuralist approach is crucial to analyzing Shakespeare s comedy A Midsummer Night’s Dream. One finds thatRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream And Romeo And Juliet1502 Words   |  7 Pagesnotion of comedy and tragedy have been interpreted by countless critics as absolute contradictions of one another. For instance, there is a belief that the everlastingly romantic tale of Romeo and Juliet is unambigu ously a tragedy, just as A Midsummer Night’s Dream is undoubtedly a comedy. Each possesses separate, defining, characteristics which drastically alter the storyline of a play, and develop the end into either one of comedic proportion: in which there is the promise of character procreationRead MoreFantasy vs. Reality in a Midsummer Nights Dream Essay1126 Words   |  5 Pagesand Reality in A Midsummer Night’s Dream In A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Shakespeare easily blurs the lines of reality by inviting the audience into a dream. He seamlessly toys with the boundaries between fantasy and reality. Among the patterns within the play, one is controlled and ordered by a series of contrasts: the conflict of the sleeping and waking states, the interchange of reality and illusion, and the mirrored worlds of Fairy and Human. A Midsummer Nights Dream gives us insightRead MoreShakespeare’s Use of Love Quarrels to Reach a Comedic Climax in A Midsummer Night’s Dream1668 Words   |  7 Pagesconfusion and sorrow, but it is nevertheless probably the most powerful feeling a human being can experience. In Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Lysander says that â€Å"the course of true love never did run smooth† (Shakespeare 1.1.134), which is seen in the quarrels between the couples throughout the play. Shakespeare makes use chiefly of the fairiesâ€⠄¢ supernatural powers to settle the love conflicts and portrays the irrationality in love of the characters, thereby creating numerous comic situationsRead MoreEssay about Reason and Love in A Midsummer Night’s Dream1757 Words   |  8 PagesReason and love in A Midsummer Night’s Dream Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream is often read as a dramatization of the incompatibility of â€Å"reason and love† (III.i. 127), yet many critics pay little attention to how Shakespeare manages to draw his audience into meditating on these notions independently (Burke 116). The play is as much about the conflict between passion and reason concerning love, as it is a warning against attempting to understand love rationally. Similarly, trying to understandRead MoreA Midsummer Night’s Dream: Puck, Bottom, and Dichotomy in Comedy821 Words   |  3 PagesAlthough Shakespeare wrote many well-received plays, A Midsummer Night’s Dream is one of the most popular by far, and its engaging love story and comedic tone are undoubtedly the biggest factors contributing to the production’s success. However, while the love square between the four young Athenians is the central plotline of the play, Shakespeare included many humorous elements that alter the story’s course drastically. The misunderstanding between Oberon and Puck over the Athenians accounts forRead MoreA Midsummer Night’s Dream, by William Shakespeare1368 Words   |  6 PagesA Midsummer Night’s Dream A Midsummer Night’s Dream is an enchanting comedy that presents many dominant views widespread in the society of Shakespeare’s time. Ideas of love and romance are central to the play, and notions of gender and male-dominance prevalent at the time surface throughout the text. Modern audiences may find such notions confronting, whereas Jacobeans might find other elements of the play such as the rampant disorder, uncomfortable. Love is one of the central ideologies presentRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Meddlesome Fairies1313 Words   |  6 Pagesthe four lovers are at one another s throats. On the contrary, the discourse between Lysander and Demetrius almost ends disastrously in duel, but Shakespeare manages to turn their irritation towards one another into a whimsical scene by adding the element of confusion by means of the meddling Puck. At the last moment King Oberon of the fairies is able to regain control: sprinkling the dust of desire upon the correct eyes, so that when the children awoke, they would fall instantly back into love’s favor

Business Analysis On Business Communication - 1534 Words

Although much associated with business still relies on face-to-face communication, technology has taken its place in business-to-business communication practices as being reliable, effective, and efficient. Whether discussing a major decision with an executive level officer, starting a new company in search of product and distribution, or informing a department that layoffs may occur, the communication process remains the same. A purpose defines the reason a process begins. The initiator, or the sender, has an intended message for a specific audience, the receiver. With business-to-business communication, technology used to deliver the message, the environment in which the communication takes place, and the noise that causes distractions†¦show more content†¦(About.com, 2011). On a good day, walking into a business to solicit a different product, service, or partnership opportunity means that a decision maker has been spoken with and an additional appointment may be establis hed so that decision maker can have more available time to hear what is being pitched. More than likely, however, a card or name will be collected with contact information and that particular individual must create a method of re-contacting those potential business opportunities at a later time. Through the use of VOIP, or voice over Internet provider as a less expensive way for a business to have phone services, a call is made to create a relationship that could potentially provide additional opportunities. The salesperson acts as the sender with the purpose of selling his company’s products or services. The receiver should be the decision-making contact that had been collected while cold calling. The environment is more than likely a cubicle to personal office setting and depending on how the day of that decision maker is going will determine if the noise becomes too distracting. If the message is delivered successfully, hopefully that salesman will receive positive feedbac k. In this particular situation, the message and technology used are appropriate given the environment and purpose because unless that salesperson makes face-to-face contact on the initial visit, phone and e-mail will be that individual’s only available means of

Male on Male Rape Free Essays

string(51) " acts of forced anal, vaginal or oral intercourse\." The lack of tracking of sexual crimes against men and the | |lack of research about the effects of male rape are indicative of the attitude held by society at large — that while male rape | |occurs, it is not an acceptable topic for discussion. | |Historically, the rape of males was more widely recognized in ancient times. Several of the legends in Greek mythology involved | |abductions and sexual assaults of males by other males or gods. We will write a custom essay sample on Male on Male Rape or any similar topic only for you Order Now The rape of a defeated male enemy was considered the special right of | |the victorious soldier in some societies and was a signal of the totality of the defeat. There was a widespread belief that a male who| |was sexually penetrated, even if it was by forced sexual assault, thus â€Å"lost his manhood,† and could no longer be a warrior or ruler. | |Gang rape of a male was onsidered an ultimate form of punishment and, as such, was known to the Romans as punishment for adultery and| |the Persians and Iranians as punishment for violation of the sanctity of the harem (Donaldson, 1990). | |Nicholas Groth, a clinical psychologist and author of Men Who Rape: The Psychology of the Offender, says all sexual assault is an act | |of aggression, regardless of the gender or age of the victim or the assailant. Neither sexual desire nor sexual deprivation is the | |primary motivating force behind sexual assault. It is not about sexual gratification, but rather a sexual aggressor using somebody | |else as a means of expressing their own power and control. | |Much has been written about the psychological trauma associated with the rape of female vict ims.While less research has been | |conducted about male rape victims, case research suggests that males also commonly experience many of the reactions that females | |experience. These reactions include: depression, anger, guilt, self-blame, sexual dysfunctions, flashbacks, and suicidal feelings | |(Isley, 1991). Other problems facing males include an increased sense of vulnerability, damaged self-image and emotional distancing | |(Mezey King, 1989). Male rape victims not only have to confront unsympathetic attitudes if they choose to press charges, they also | |often hear unsupportive statements from their friends, family and acquaintances (Brochman, 1991). People will tend to fault the male | |victim instead of the rapist.Stephen Donaldson, president of Stop Prisoner Rape (a national education and advocacy group), says that | |the suppression of knowledge of male rape is so powerful and pervasive that criminals such as burglars and robbers sometimes rape | |their male victims as a sideline solely to prevent them from going to the police. | |There are many reasons that male victims do not come forward and report being raped, but perhaps the biggest reason for many males is | |the fear of being perceived as homosexual. However, male sexual assault has nothing to do with the sexual orientation of the attacker | |or the victim, just as a sexual assault does not make the victim survivor gay, bisexual or heterosexual. It is a violent crime that | |affects heterosexual men as much as gay men.The phrase â€Å"homosexual rape,† for instance, which is often used by uninformed persons to | |designate male-male rape, camouflages the fact that the majority of the rapists are not generally homosexual (Donaldson, 1990). | |In a well-known study of offenders and victims conducted by Nicholas Groth and Ann Burgess, one-half of the offender population | |described their consenting sexual encounters to be with women only, while 38 percent had consenting sexual encounters with men and | |women. Additionally, one-half of the victim population was strictly heterosexual. Among the offenders studied, the gender of the | |victim did not appear to be of specific significance to half of the offenders.Instead, they appeared to be relatively indiscriminate | |with regard to their choice of a victim — that is, their victims included both males and females, as well as both adults and children| |(Groth Burg ess, 1980). The choice of a victim seemed to be more a matter of accessibility than of sexual orientation, gender or age. | |Many people believe that the majority of male rape occurs in prison; however, there is existing research which shatters this myth. A | |study of incarcerated and non-incarcerated male rape victims in Tennessee concluded that the similarities between these two groups | |would suggest that the sexual assault of men may not be due to conditions unique to a prison and that all men are potential victims | |(Lipscomb et al. , 1992). |Research indicates that the most common sites for male rape involving post-puberty victims are outdoors in remote areas and in | |automobiles (the latter usually involving hitchhikers). Boys in their early and mid-teens are more likely to be victimized than older | |males (studies indicate a median victim age of 17). The form of assault usually involves penetration of the victim anally and/or | |orally, rather than stimulation of the victim’s penis. Gang rape is more common in cases involving male victims than those involving | |female victims. Also, multiple sexual acts are more likely to be demanded, weapons are more likely to be displayed and used, and | |physical injury is more likely to occur, with the injuries that do occur being more serious than with injured female rape victims | |(Porter, 1986). |Definition | |Sexual assault and rape include any unwanted sexual acts. The assailant can be a stranger, an acquaintance, a family member, or | |someone the victim knows well and trusts. Rape and sexual assault are crimes of violence and are used to exert power and control over | |another person. The legal definitions of rape and sexual assault can vary from state to state (National Center for Victims of Crime, | |GetHep Series: Sexual Assault Legislation). However, usually a sexual assault occurs when someone touches any part of another person’s| |body in a sexual way, even through their clothes, without that person’s consent.Rape of males is any kind of sexual assault that | |involves forced penetration of the anus or mouth by a penis, finger or any other object. Both rape and sexual assault includes | |situations when the victim cannot say â€Å"no† because he is disabled, unconscious, drunk or high. | |In some states, the word â€Å"rape† is used only to define a forced act of vaginal sexual intercourse, and an act of forced anal | |intercourse is termed â€Å"sodomy. † In some states, the crime of sodomy also includes any oral sexual act. There are some states that now | |use gender-neutral terms to define acts of forced anal, vaginal or oral intercourse. You read "Male on Male Rape" in category "Papers"Also, some states no longer use the terms â€Å"rape† | |and â€Å"sodomy,† rather all sex crimes are described as sexual assaults or criminal sexual conduct of various degrees depending on the | |use and amount of force or coercion on the part of the assailant (National Center for Victims of Crime, GetHep Series: Sexual Assault | |Legislation). | |Victims’ Response | |It is not uncommon for a male rape victim to blame himself for the rape, believing that he in some way gave permission to the rapist | |(Brochman, 1991). Male rape victims suffer a similar fear that female rape victims face — that people will believe the myth that they| |may have enjoyed being raped. Some men may believe they were not raped or that they gave consent because they became sexually aroused,| |had an erection, or ejaculated during the sexual assault. These are normal, involuntary physiological reactions.It does not mean that| |the victim wanted to be raped or sexually assaulted, or that the survivor enjoyed the traumatic experience. Sexual arousal does not | |necessarily mean there was consent. | |According to Groth, some assailants may try to get their victim to ejaculate because for the rapist, it symbolizes their complete | |sexual control over their victim’s body. Since ejaculation is not always within conscious control but rather an involuntary | |physiological reaction, rapists frequently succeed at getting their male victims to ejaculate. As Groth and Burgess have found in | |their research, this aspect of the attack is extremely stressful and confusing to the victim. In misidentifying ejaculation with | |orgasm, the victim may be bewildered by his physiological response during the sexual assault and, therefore, may be discouraged from | |reporting the assault for fear his sexuality may become suspect (Groth ; Burgess, 1980). | |Another major concern facing male rape victims is society’s belief that men should be able to protect themselves and, therefore, it is| |somehow their fault that they were raped. The experience of a rape may affect gay and heterosexual men differently. Most rape | |counselors point out that gay men have difficulties in their sexual and emotional relationships with other men and think that the | |assault occurred because they are gay, whereas straight men often begin to question their sexual identity and are more disturbed by | |the sexual aspect of the assault than the violence involved (Brochman, 1991). |Male Rape as an Act of Anti-Gay Violence | |Unfortunately, incidents of anti-gay violence also include forcible rape, either oral or anal. Attackers frequently use verbal | |harassment and name-calling during such a sexual assault. Given the context of coercion, however, such technically homosexual acts | |seem to imply no homosexuality on the part of the offenders. The victim serves, both physically and symbolically, as a â€Å"vehicle for | |the sexual status needs of the offenders in the course of recreational violence† (Harry, 1992, p. 115). |If You Are a Victim | |Rape and sexual assault include any unwanted sexual acts. Even if you agree to have sex with someone, you have the right to say â€Å"no† | |at any time, and to say â€Å"no† to any sexual acts. If you are sexually assaulted or raped, it is never your fault — you are not | |responsible for the actions of others. | |Richie J. McMullen, author of Male Rape: Breaking the Silence on the Last Taboo, encourages seeking immediate medical attention | |whether or not the incident is reported to police. Even if you do not seem injured, it is important to get medical attention. |Sometimes injuries that seem minor at first can get worse. Survivors can sometimes contract a sexually transmitted disease during the | |sexual assault, but not suffer immediate symptoms.Even if the symptoms of that disease take weeks or months to appear, it might be | |easily treated with an early diagnosis. (If you are concerned about HIV exposure, it is important to talk to a counselor about the | |possibility of exposure and the need for testing. For more information about HIV transmission and testing, contact the Centers for | |Disease Control National HIV/AIDS Hotline. Check the contact list at the end of this bulletin for the phone number and address | |information. | |Medical considerations making immediate medical attention imperative include: | |Rectal and anal tearing and abrasions which may require attention and put you at risk for bacterial infections; | |Potential HIV exposure; and | |Exposure to other sexually transmitted diseases. | |If you plan to report the rape to the police, an immediate medical examination is necessary to collect potential evidence for the | |investigation and prosecution. |Some of the physical reactions a survivor may experience in response to the trauma of a sexual assault or rape include: | |Loss of appetite; | |Nausea and/or stomachaches; | |Headaches; | |Loss of memory and/or concentration; and/or | |Changes in sleep patterns. | |Some of the psychological and emotional reactions a sexual assault survivor may experience include: |Denial and/or guilt; | |Shame or humiliation; | |Fear and a feeling of loss of control; | |Loss of self-respect; | |Flashbacks to the attack; | |Anger and anxiety; | |Retaliation fant asies (sometimes shocking the survivor with their graphic violence); | |Nervous or compulsive behavior; | |Depression and mood swings; | |Withdrawal from relationships; and | |Changes in sexual activity. | |Survivors of rape, and often of attempted rape, usually manifest some elements of what has come to be called Rape-Related | |Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (RR-PTSD), a form of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) . Apart from a small number of therapists and | |counselors specializing in sexual assault cases, few psychotherapists are familiar with the symptoms and treatment of RR-PTSD. For | |this reason, a rape survivor is usually well-advised to consult with a rape crisis center or someone knowledgeable in this area rather| |than relying on general counseling resources. The same applies to those close to a rape victim, such as a partner, spouse or parent; | |these persons become secondary victims of the sexual assault and have special issues and concerns that they may need assistance in | |dealing with effectively. | |Local rape crisis centers offer male sexual assault victims direct services or referrals for services, including: counseling, crisis | |services and support services. Victims may contact their local rape crisis center, no matter how long it has been since the rape | |occurred. Counselors on staff can either provide support, or help direct the victim to trained professionals who can provide support. | |Most rape programs are staffed by women; however, some programs have male and female counselors. If you prefer one or the other, make | |that preference known when you initially contact the program.Whether or not they have male staff on call, almost all rape crisis | |centers can make referrals to male counselors sensitive to the needs of male sexual assault survivors. In addition, many communities | |across the country have support groups for victims of anti-gay violence. | |Counseling can help you cope with the physical and emotional reactions to the sexual assault or rape, as well as provide you with | |necessary information about medical and criminal justice system procedures. Seeking counseling is an important way to regain a sense | |of control over your life after surviving a sexual assault. Contact your local rape crisis program even if services are not expressly | |advertised for male rape survivors.The number can be found in your local phone book listed under â€Å"Community Services Numbers,† | |†Emergency Assistance Numbers,† â€Å"Survival Numbers† or â€Å"Rape. † | |Sexual assault and rape are serious crimes. As a sexual assault survivor, you have the right to report the crime to the police. This | |decision is one only you can make. But because authorities are not always sensitive to male sexual assault victims, it is important to| |have a friend or advocate go with you to report the crime for support and assistance. How to cite Male on Male Rape, Papers

Stranger From A Different Shore Essays - , Term Papers

Stranger From A Different Shore Struggling Strangers Strangers From A Different Shore by author/professor Ronald Takaki has brought a new perspective of my growing knowledge of the hardships and endless obstacles that Asian-Americans have struggled with through their immigration experience. Immigrants of Asia represent many countries and many different situations that have brought them to this better country with hopes for more opportunities to succeed. Asian-Americans are those whose roots are from Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Philippines, Japan, China, Cambodia, Korea, and Hmong to name the most common. Asian-Americans have overcome drastic situations to carry the status that they do today. Currently Asian-Americans represent the fastest growing minority group in the United States. Half of all immigrants that enter the U.S. annually are Asian. Asian-Americans come from the same part of the world, the same continent, yet their struggles have left them in different situations. Although the commonalities of hardships that exist between the Asian ethnic groups are greatly the same that can also be separated from likeness just as easy. A common ground brings these people together but their separate countries and even within a country different regions will strive and be defeated or surpass the others in their separate historical ways. Takaki, a professor at U.C. Berkeley in Ethnic Studies and the grandson of immigrant plantation laborers from Japan has both the knowledge and personal passion of Asian-Americans that allows him to go into great details of the history and diversity of this ethnic groups struggle to become recognized in America for who they are and why they are here instead of what they did for this country. Takaki goes in depth on nearly many occurrences that each Asian country has overcome and currently deals with. Longing for gold wasn't just an American issue. The topic of gold affected many people including the Chinese. About the same time gold was discovered in California, famine hit the Guangdong Province in southeast China. Hearing about California's gold, many Chinese men left for America hoping to make a fortune and return home a few years later to their loved ones. Few struck it rich and the rest fought to survive. The Gold Rush in California and the Pacific Northwest increased the demand for railroads to connect these remote parts of America. Building railroads required lots of low-paid labor, which hungry immigrant Chinese provided. By 1880, there were about 300,000 Chinese in America, but American accepted few once the railroads were completed. In 1882, Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, the first time in American history that immigration restrictions were aimed at one ethnic group. Some Chinese were forced onto boats returning to China and some left on their own. Discriminatory practices by real estate agents and homeowners prompted Chinatowns to develop, which were basically the Chinese ghetto. The Chinese Exclusion Act was repealed in 1943 and immigration laws were changed. Now, the Chinese could bring their women from home because the population was mainly males. Today, strong Chinese communities exist in the West, especially in Los Angeles, which has become a contemporary Ellis Island for the Pacific Rim. Descendants of the first wave of Chinese immigrants now excel in engineering and the sciences instead of the fields from which their fathers were barred. When America's Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 barred the Chinese from providing America with cheap labor, the Japanese arrived to fill the void. Japanese immigration to America began in 1882 with Meiji Restoration. Many rice farmers in southwestern Japan were heavily taxed and hoped to make their fortunes in America. More than 30,000 Japanese went to Hawaii to work on sugar plantations between 1885 and 1894. In the 1890's until 1924 there was many Japanese immigrating to America. These were what the Japanese called Issei, or first generation immigrants. Unlike the Chinese who first went to California to do railroad work, many Japanese went to the Pacific Northwest where they could work in the fishing and timber industries that needs their labor. Unlike the Chinese, Japanese immigrants included more women, so families could be started. Some women came with their husbands; others arrived as picture brides, met by unknown future husbands in America. Their children, the second generation, are called Nisei. The 1924 Immigration